Bistability conditions between lasing and non-lasing states for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective optical feedback

This paper gives analytical treatment and experimental details on on/off-bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective feedback by a grating. In particular, the conditions for the coexistence of lasing and nonlasing states and an abrupt turn-on behaviour at threshold are derived using an envelope approximation. The theoretical and experimental results are in satisfactory agreement

Seven-fluorochrome mouse M-FISH for high-resolution analysis of interchromosomal rearrangements

The mouse has evolved to be the primary mammalian genetic model organism. Important applications include the modeling of human cancer and cloning experiments. In both settings, a detailed analysis of the mouse genome is essential. Multicolor karyotyping technologies have emerged to be invaluable tools for the identification of mouse chromosomes and for the deciphering of complex rearrangements. With the increasing use of these multicolor technologies resolution limits are critical. However, the traditionally used probe sets, which employ 5 different fluorochromes, have significant limitations. Here, we introduce an improved labeling strategy. Using 7 fluorochromes we increased the sensitivity for the detection of small interchromosomal rearrangements (700 kb or less) to virtually 100%. Our approach should be important to unravel small interchromosomal rearrangements in mouse models for DNA repair defects and chromosomal instability. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Экопоселения в мире как форма защиты окружающей среды

The use of mobile and handheld devices is a desirable option for implementation of user interaction with remote services from a distance. Another prominent option to operate a remote application is the use of gestures performed in the air. This paper describes the design and realization of a system to enable mobile devices and gesture recognition tools to have control on a remote movie-player application. A small qualitative user study verified the use of mobile phones, switching between three input modalities, and the opportunity of another three methods of performing gestures in the air

School-Based Mental Health Services and Programs: A Review of the Literature

In Chapter 1, a rationale, a statement regarding the focus of my paper, and historical backgrounds of both community-based mental health services and the history surrounding school-based mental health (SBMH) services were provided. In Chapter 2, I review 15 studies dated between 2003 and 2017 addressing the results of school-based mental health programs involving either an in-school parental component or services delivered by clinicians in school settings and the implications SBMH presents for the educational system and its personnel. Studies reviewed are summarized in chronological order and include both quantitative data pertaining to changes in behavioral and academic qualities in children and adolescents deemed “at risk” or diagnosed with mental health disorders, as well as qualitative input related to factors contributing to the success of school-based interventions. In the final chapter, I summarize my findings and provide my conclusions and recommendations for future research

The Rostock Energetic Feed Evaluation on the Base of Net Energy

Feed evaluation was an emphasis of research from the foundation of the Oskar-Kellner-Institute of Animal Nutrition in 1953 at Rostock by Prof. Kurt Nehring. The aim of the research work was the elaboration of a feed evaluation system containing reference numbers of feed values and requirements of farm animals. The approach and the present system are outlined in this paper

Teamwork Training Needs Analysis for Long-Duration Exploration Missions

The success of future long-duration exploration missions (LDEMs) will be determined largely by the extent to which mission-critical personnel possess and effectively exercise essential teamwork competencies throughout the entire mission lifecycle (e.g., Galarza & Holland, 1999; Hysong, Galarza, & Holland, 2007; Noe, Dachner, Saxton, & Keeton, 2011). To ensure that such personnel develop and exercise these necessary teamwork competencies prior to and over the full course of future LDEMs, it is essential that a teamwork training curriculum be developed and put into place at NASA that is both 1) comprehensive, in that it targets all teamwork competencies critical for mission success and 2) structured around empirically-based best practices for enhancing teamwork training effectiveness. In response to this demand, the current teamwork-oriented training needs analysis (TNA) was initiated to 1) identify the teamwork training needs (i.e., essential teamwork-related competencies) of future LDEM crews, 2) identify critical gaps within NASAs current and future teamwork training curriculum (i.e., gaps in the competencies targeted and in the training practices utilized) that threaten to impact the success of future LDEMs, and to 3) identify a broad set of practical nonprescriptive recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of NASAs teamwork training curriculum in order to increase the probability of future LDEM success

Influence of Grassland Management and Grazing by Different Farm Animals on Animal Performance and Flora Alterations

The objectives of this study were to test the possibilities of using different farm animals for landscape care on extensive pasture, taking into account their particular performance, and to analyse alterations of the flora in consequence of grazing by different animals and various pasture management. Salers had the highest (836g/d) and Galloways (584g/d) the lowest live weight gain as compared with the other breeds (771g/d). Lambs had higher live weight when grazing together with cattle and horses (mixed grazing) than under one species grazing. The number of legume increased and that of grass decreased. Following 3 years the grazing animals effected an increase of plant numbers in order of: Horses 86%, Cattle 15%, Mixed grazing 14% and sheep no effect. The most success of increasing plant numbers was registered when combined grazing and mowing of pasture was used

Determinants of anion-proton coupling in mammalian endosomal CLC proteins.

Many proteins of the CLC gene family are Cl(-) channels, whereas others, like the bacterial ecClC-1 or mammalian ClC-4 and -5, mediate Cl(-)/H(+) exchange. Mutating a "gating glutamate" (Glu-224 in ClC-4 and Glu-211 in ClC-5) converted these exchangers into anion conductances, as did the neutralization of another, intracellular "proton glutamate" in ecClC-1. We show here that neutralizing the proton glutamate of ClC-4 (Glu-281) and ClC-5 (Glu-268), but not replacing it with aspartate, histidine, or tyrosine, rather abolished Cl(-) and H(+) transport. Surface expression was unchanged by these mutations. Uncoupled Cl(-) transport could be restored in the ClC-4(E281A) and ClC-5(E268A) proton glutamate mutations by additionally neutralizing the gating glutamates, suggesting that wild type proteins transport anions only when protons are supplied through a cytoplasmic H(+) donor. Each monomeric unit of the dimeric protein was found to be able to carry out Cl(-)/H(+) exchange independently from the transport activity of the neighboring subunit. NO(3)(-) or SCN(-) transport was partially uncoupled from H(+) countertransport but still depended on the proton glutamate. Inserting proton glutamates into CLC channels altered their gating but failed to convert them into Cl(-)/H(+) exchangers. Noise analysis indicated that ClC-5 switches between silent and transporting states with an apparent unitary conductance of 0.5 picosiemens. Our results are consistent with the idea that Cl(-)/H(+) exchange of the endosomal ClC-4 and -5 proteins relies on proton delivery from an intracellular titratable residue at position 268 (numbering of ClC-5) and that the strong rectification of currents arises from the voltage-dependent proton transfer from Glu-268 to Glu-211